Lyric interpretation †“Sister Golden Hair” by America Essay

For this lyric assignment, I chose the song Sister Golden Hair (released 1975) by America in their album Hearts . America is an English-American Folk-Rock band, originally composed of members Gerry Beckley, Dewey Bunnell, and Dan Peek. The three members were barely past their teenage years when they became an overnight musical sensation in 1972. They reached a peak in popularity in the early to mid 1970s and early 1980s. Among the band’s best known songs are â€Å"A Horse with No Name†, â€Å"Sister Golden Hair† (both of which reached Number 1), â€Å"Ventura Highway†, and â€Å"Tin Man†. The song Sister Golden Hair is interpreted by many people in a variety of different ways and meanings. In my opinion and from my research solidifying my interpretation, this song is about a guy that is wrestling with forbidden love. In my interpretation of the lyrics, he is wrestling with forbidden love but not the love for a nun as many have thought. He has fallen in love with his half-sister whom he has been introduced to but didn’t know she existed prior to some broken family interaction along the path of his life, hence the surprise. She also has shown that she felt something more than sibling love for him during family gatherings. He tries to fake being a brother but he is tortured by his lust for her and prefers to stay away from family contact for fear of being taken as a family member by her and lose his chance with her. Not ready for the alter would mean that marriage is not an option due to his blood ties to her, but that he seeks to live his life with her anyways as. This song is about a letter he writes to her after years of painful waiting for her to catch up to him in years and reach adulthood, and to see if they can move on without one-another, metaphorically, Sunday but then Monday means several painful years of questionable, cautious, cat-like commitment to being there right when she’s ready. Originally, the lyrics said Meet me in VA would have meant giving him her virginity but as the lyric changed to air the meaning is that he has sent her a recording of a song he wrote for her and would she embrace his disincarnate company present in the â€Å"air† which is not a stretch of a term for a piece of music. Will you meet me in the middle would mean that they both have buried their forbidden love for years and in his letter he is calling the game because the burden is too  great and he may be considering suicide in his deep depression. Can’t you see it in my eyes means he has also sent her a photo with the letter and the recording (the CD cover?) the photo must show his emptiness but also his affinity for her, that she would fall in love even more so with the photo after not seeing one another for years. This song is a musical masterpiece because like the outro it makes the musical statement that he would win her through his musical prowess: the intro for the song is a solo acoustic guitar bit which I think sounds awesome. While all this may seem to be a stretch, you might think I’m reading my own experience into these most beautiful and mysterious lyrics but just consider this†¦ the author has stated that these lyrics are strictly poetic license and that mean these lyrics came from his in-depth subconscious mind. The first time I heard this song I loved how it sounded and never bothered really listening to the lyrics. However, the more I listened to it and attempted to decipher its meaning, the more I realized how many metaphors it contains, and how much of a deeper meaning this song has. Guitarist Gerry Beckley wrote this song, and when asked if it was written to anyone, Beckley said: â€Å"No, this is all poetic license. With ‘Sister Golden Hair,’ as far as my folks were concerned, I was writing a song about my sister, and I couldn’t quite fathom it; they must not have listened to the lyrics.† (thanks, Brett – Edmonton, Canada) In my opinion, I believe this is a song with a very deep and hidden meaning that has been created like this on purpose because if people did really know its meaning it would never have been one of Americas top hits.

“La Grande Odalisque” and Manet’s “Olympia” Essay

This essay is comparing paintings of reclining female nudes thru the history of art. – Ingres’ â€Å"La Grande Odalisque† and Manet’s â€Å"Olympia† a Comparison The reclining female nude has been a recurring image in the history of European art. Each artist through time approaches the subject in a different, individualized way. An earlier example of the reclining nude is Giorgione’s â€Å"Sleeping Venus,† created around 1510(see fig. 1). His nude is painted using the clair obscur method with soft, blurred lines, making her fair skin fade slowly into the dark background. Her eyes are closed, giving an aura of innocence, because she is unaware of being observed. Also, Giorgione seems to be experimenting with background in the painting. When examining the painting as a whole, one does not simply see the reclining figure, but the diverse and unusual background also attracts the eye. The fact that the background is open is a certain indication of classical influence on this Renaissance artist. Later, in 1796, Goya began his version of the reclining nude, â€Å"The Nude Maja†(see fig. 2). This painting was ahead of its time, in the respect that the Spanish society was not ready to view this â€Å"obscene† image. She was considered obscene because of her provocative position of frontal nudity, and because this is the first time a nude has been painted in awareness of the painter; her gaze is focused outward. About thirty years later, in 1814, Ingres paints â€Å"La Grande Odalisque†(see fig. 3). She, like Goya’s â€Å"Maja† was rejected at first by society, but for different reasons. She was not rejected because she was â€Å"obscene,† but because her body was an unnatural shape; her long back does not seem proportional to her small head. One critic of Ingres said, â€Å"She has three vertebrae too many!† Ingres’ nude is also looking out from the painting with awareness, as Goya’s â€Å"Maja† did. However, there was not as much objection to the lack of innocence demonstrated here. Her awareness may have been less of an impact  on Ingres’ society because the body of â€Å"La Grande Odalisque† is painted more modestly; it is facing in, away from the viewer. It was also more accepted in Ingres’ society because it was painted after the shock of Goya’s work. The advancement of time has given Europe a chance to broaden its perspectives, and become more open-minded regarding the strict rules of painting nudes. If Ingres’ style in â€Å"La Grande Odalisque† is examined, one can definitely see classical influence playing a large part. The classical influence is most clear through the solid delineation of the figure. There are no blurred or choppy lines. Classical influence is also shown through the way Ingres paints his nude with very smooth, invisible brush strokes. The skin and textures of fabric seem so real, they are practically photographic. She is painted indoors, but the black background behind the blue curtain denotes openness, as seen in classical works. Even though these obvious classical influences exist, Ingres did not follow the classical masters exactly as other Neo-Classical artists did. The figures’ slight deformation does not coincide with the classical challenge to create the perfect body. Why did Ingres reject the classical style when he shaped the body of his nude? Some critics felt that because of her unusual shape, Ingres must have been following the Mannerists, who with their unnatural ways of painting rejected the normal classic figure. However, it is also believed that Ingres elongated the back and outstretched arm to create a more sensual and erotic shape. His painting may also be considered romantic in subject matter, even though his style is Neo-Classical. Almost fifty years after Ingres painted â€Å"La Grande Odalisque,† Manet created â€Å"Olympia†(see fig. 4). Olympia could be considered the most unconventional nude up to this point. She was painted in 1863, and again, society rejected the reclining figure. Olympia was the first of the nudes to give the viewer the sense of a real person, rather than an idealized figure. This realistic, unconventional portrayal caught the world by surpass. Olympia’s pale skin is totally unattractive when compared with the smooth, well-shadowed skin of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"La Grande Odalisque.† Manet’s figure seems two-dimensional, whereas Ingres’ nude is three-dimensional. This is attributed to the fact that Manet, being reluctant to follow the trends before him, â€Å"refused to create three-dimensionality through modeling forms with lines or gradations of color.† â€Å"Olympia† is proof of this refusal; her body almost seems like a cardboard cut-out. Another notable difference between â€Å"Olympia† and the other nudes is her gaze. She looks out at the viewer, just like â€Å"La Grande Odalisque† and â€Å"The Nude Maja,† but where these nudes had very seductive, enjoyable gazes, Olympia’s stare is very honest and frank. She looks out at the viewer with little interest, and she has no modesty whatsoever. This small change in gaze may seem insignificant, but upon examining the various nudes, one can see that it makes a dramatic difference. Manet’s nude, with her uncaring look, has a modernized feeling to it; it clearly demonstrates how Manet got the title, â€Å"The Father of Modern Art.† Throughout the time span of the four paintings mentioned here, it is obvious that the 19th century was indeed the one most revolutionary for new thought and innovation. Ingres’ work at the beginning of that century has not quite reached that point of change, but Manet’s work in the middle of the century reflects a totally new era of change. His art helped the Victorian society to realize that the roller coaster ride into the twentieth century was to be one of exciting, liberal thought. Even today, the reclining nude is being recreated in a very fascinating way(see fig. 5). By a simple comparison of these four works, it is easy to trace the history of art from its classical stage, to the modern art it is today.

Benefits and challenges of Big Data For Business And Customers

Big data is providing access to the data that are available. Due to expansion of big data into the platforms of business intelligence, the professionals can expand analytics. The use of information technology can reduce the healthcare cost while it improves the quality of the services (Mahajan, Gaba and Chauhan 2016). Lowering the cost as well as enabling the efficiencies is considered as critical goals of the healthcare service provider. Another benefit of the big data is that it optimizes clinical trials by preventing errors, reduction of cost and making sure for pliance. The data points are presented into analytic as well as reporting virtualizations that help the service provider to improve and develop their service quality (Ammu and Irfanuddin 2013). With use of the big data, the organization analyzes the root causes of both failures as well as issues in the real time. It also personalizes the experience of the customers and the risks are quickly identified. In some of the business organization, big data plays a significant role in security. The big data analytics are used in some areas of cyber security such as it allows the business to start play an offense against the attackers (Jakobik 2016). In this way, they can prevent the vulnerabilities. New and advanced technologies are increasing the use of big data in current era. The business organization is using of big data for purpose of business intelligence, predictive analytics as well as data mining tasks.    While the benefits of the big data are real, there are also some technical challenges of big data. One of the challenges is that there is difficulty in generating right metadata so that it can describe the data, how it is verified and measured. There is lack of coordination among the database systems (Michael and Miller 2013). The system can host of data and give query for the SQL. For large decades, management of large and high volume of big data b es a challenge. Large time is required to analyze the data set. However, there are some cases when the data required analyzing immediately, therefore that time it b es a problem. The biggest challenge of big data is privacy issues (Ammu and Irfanuddin 2013). The data which are stored within the database system are not handled properly and sometimes, they are accessed by any third party person. Therefore, the data are shared with an unauthorized person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ammu, N. and Irfanuddin, M., 2013. Big Data Challenges.  International Journal of Advanced Trends in puter Science and Engineering,  2(1), pp.613-615. Jakà ³bik, A., 2016. Big Data Security. In  Resource Management for Big Data Platforms  (pp. 241-261). Springer International Publishing. Mahajan, P., Gaba, G. and Chauhan, N.S., 2016. Big Data Security.  IITM Journal of Management and IT,  7(1), pp.89-94. Michael, K. and Miller, K.W., 2013. Big data: New opportunities and new challenges [guest editors' introduction]. puter,  46(6), pp.22-24.

The Management of Small and Medium Enterprises - Literature Review

The Management of Small and Medium Enterprises - - Literature review Example Currently, SMEs in china are responsible for more than 75% of employment opportunities in urban centers and nearly 60% of the GDP (Zhao, 2007). For a period, majority of scholars have agued that organizational theories and models designed for large organizations could be directly applied to SMEs (Boyd & Nicolo, 2005). But in recent times, industry players have clearly demonstrated that there is a big difference between the SMEs and large organizations as indicated by Paulson (2008). This is because SMEs are confronted with numerous obstacles as opposed to large organizations. These obstacles are listed by Antkiewicz & Whalley (2005) to include lack of funds and socialized services, less access to market and poor management among others. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine trade policies in china and their advantages and disadvantages to small and medium-sized enterprises. With examples, this paper will also explore whether there are foreign small or medium-sized enter prises in china. It will also examine the key issues that china needs to address to enhance the growth of SMEs. Laws and Policies Concerning the Promotion of SMEs SMEs are the backbone of the Chinese economy according to study findings by Antkiewicz & Whalley (2005); Dunaway & Li (2005) and Lardy (2002). In view of this revelation, China has put in place trade polices and regulations that help in promoting their growth and development. These policies are geared toward improving their operational environment and increasing employment in both urban and rural areas as indicated in a World Bank report (2008). They are also aimed at exerting their significant influence on national economic and social development (Wang, 2004). At the present, majority of provinces and regions in China have formulated their administrative rules and regulations for enhancing the development of SMEs as noted by Paulson (2008). Moreover, the corresponding authorities and departments of the national government have issued several documents covering market access, the fiscal financial mix, enhancement of government control and administration, technological innovation, development of global markets and creation of service systems for SMEs (The World Bank, 2008). The government of China has developed legislations, policies and regulations related to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises. Th

Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees Research Paper

Factors Affecting the Performance of Employees - Research Paper Example The human resource policies and strategies of an organization are the key determinants of employees’ performance (Armstrong, 2006). For example, in my previous employment, there were various incentives such as Christmas bonuses to employees, which aimed at motivating employees. Despite the human resource policies and strategies, the interrelationships of various departments of the organization, inter-organizational relations, and demographic factors have an impact on employees’ performance. According to Armstrong (2006), human resources are valuable assets for an organization. Understanding the issues, which influence worker performance, may be key to enhancing employee’s productivity and morale. Organizations formulate strategies for providing an excellent work environment in order to attract and retain the best employees. These strategies should address those factors that affect the performance of workers. These factors may be within or outside the company, inc luding those factors emanating from the employee’s personal lives. The paper will discuss the following factors as determinants of employees’ performance. These factors include ability, knowledge and skills, feedback, environment, standards, and motivation.  Ã‚  Motivation is the key to an effective organization to sustain the stability of the work in a strong way and help the survival of the organization. Motivation is discovering a requirement inside the workers and assisting to attain it. Motivation enables employees to widen their skills to meet the organizational objectives. Motivation drives human beings to achieve their objectives and company objectives through each challenge and limitation they experience in their workplace. The need of accomplishment leads in a desire to put extra effort to have something done better and the desire for success. There are three internal forces that influence an individual’s behavior; direction, intensity, and persisten ce. In terms of direction, motivation is directed by objectives while in terms of intensity, it is the amount of effort allotted. In terms of persistence, it is the time and effort applied. The following are the five main approaches of motivation; Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, Adams’ equity theory, Vroom’s expectancy theory, Herzberg’s two-factor theory, and Skinner’s reinforcement theory (Herzberg, 1987). Maslow points out that there are five levels of employee needs; safety, physiological, ego, social, and self-actualizing. Maslow observed that employees are motivated when their low-level needs are satisfied first before the next high-level needs. Herzberg’s study classified motivation into two factors; hygiene and motivators. Intrinsic or motivator factors, such as recognition and achievement lead to job satisfaction. Extrinsic or hygiene factors, such as level of remuneration and degree of job security generate job dissatisfaction. Vro om’s approach is based on the idea that worker effort will result in performance, which will result in rewards. The rewards can be either negative or positive. The more positive the prize the more probable the worker will be extremely motivated (Armstrong, 2006). On the contrary, the more negative the prize, the less probable the worker will be motivated.  Ã‚  

Ec 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ec 4 - Essay Example These two definitions are summarized as historical genesis and current utility. This presents a dilemma of incorporating distinct criteria of current utility and historical genesis under a single phrase. Biologists have failed to to acknowledge the confusion between these two distinct definitions for they tend to observe natural selection as a dominant evolutionary progression, making the historical process and the current utility seem as combined (Gould & Vrba 7). An outstanding instance of how linking these two definitions has caused misunderstanding is Darwins’ and Williams’ failure to label the infused sutures as adaptation since they were not built by selection to function as they do in mammals (Gould & Vrba 7). Williams calls this feature as an accidental effect that aids in the survival of mammals and not an adaptation. Nonetheless, these biologists failed to give the features that develop as a result of fitness to a current role a name (Gould & Vrba 7-9). Since the new features that develop in organisms to aid in the survival of the descen dants re not considered as an adaptation, they develop due to capability and not natural selection and are referred as exaptation. This, then, generates a variance between those features that develop due to natural selection and fitness to a current role. In this case, the mammalian sutures are an exaptation and not adaptation (Gould & Vrba 7-10). Exaptation offers a solution to the dilemma of preadaptation. Evolutionists and biologists have experienced trouble with the concept of preadaptation. Most of them have connected the features that develop to assist in performing a new role as preadaptation. If adaptation were developed for a current use, then structures functioning in a distinct and subsequent way cannot be preadaptations. In this case, preadaptation has been associated with indeterminate teology. Teology implies a description of the role of a given

Newsclipping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Newsclipping - Research Paper Example This article is thorough in its research and is very timely. The population of the United States is skewed towards individuals entering retirement. They will begin to experience more and more memory loss. Understanding these things from a biological perspective is important because it shows that things we do a young people can affect the quality of life we have later. The article and graphics are clearly presented and the scientific language is accurate but not too hard for the non-scientific reader to understand. Complex World of Soil Studied by Colorado State University Scientists Soil is incredibly important to all of the inhabitants of earth. Recent biological studies have begun to focus on the importance of the organisms that inhabit the soil. Nematodes, water bears, mites and springtails all have been ranging through the earth’s soils devouring carbon and nitrogen as zebras and lions devour grass and prey on the surface. But little has been studied about how these organi sms benefit larger ecosystems. Scientists at Colorado State University are remedying this. They are finding that disrupting soils by paving them or developing them in other ways is deadly for the soil ecosystem. Scientists are trying to quantify how much benefit these soil dwelling organisms do for us so that we can look at our development activities in a new light. Reading this article was pleasurable because the writing was clear. What was not so clear is how the studies from the scientists are really going to be applied. Mention of United Nations support of soil studies was made, but no specifics were given. There were no details about what is being done as a result of the research. It does affect our daily life because these organisms support life on earth, but action for their support was not clearly stated. Proposed EPA ballast water regulations criticized Ballast water has introduced many organisms into the waters of the Great Lakes that are not a part of the natural ecosyste m. These organisms, such as zebra mussels have crowded out native species. The EPA has developed new regulations over the discharge of ballast water by international ships. Environmental groups are not happy with the regulations because they say that up to ten live organisms’ can be discharged by each ship. Environmentalists and some scientists agree that this is not tough enough. They point to the fact that this amount of live discharge can lead to the introduction of new, destructive organisms. This affects daily life because we all depend on shipping that comes through the Great Lakes. Stricter regulations will make goods coming through these ports more expensive because the water will need to be treated before it is discharged. But his might be the price we have to pay to same native species in the Great Lakes ecosystem. This article was very informative, but was light on actual science. The article focused more on the governmental policies that are formed as a result of biological science than on the science itself. Worms' survival in space bodes well for humans, study says Twelve generations of worms have been successfully raised on board the space station. This is important for humans if we one day want to travel to Mars and beyond. Some of the biological challenges that the worms needed to overcome in order to reproduce and adjust to weightlessness may be good instruction

Critical Evaluation of the 3 School of Thought on Innovation and Essay

Critical Evaluation of the 3 School of Thought on Innovation and Services - Essay Example Furthermore, the manufacturing sectors have been vital for several economists as it has been the foundation stone for the understanding of the process of innovation and its economic implications (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 141-142, 2008). The learning and understanding of service innovation, on the other hand, have now become an opportunity for scholars where they can widen and enlarge their knowledge of an incorporated account of innovation and its entire process that applies to services as well as manufacturing. However, several prime issues and debates have been a significant part of the research for different schools of thoughts that have erupted and fumed in the literature of the service innovation over the past couple of years. According to one school of thought, the discussion and argument revolved around the subject matter that portrayed the potentials of innovation in services in contrast to the manufacturing along with its implication in the growth of the economy and employment (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 141-142, 2008). According to the viewpoint of few scholars, the subject matter of innovation in the service sector is a concern that has gained significant importance over the period of instance. Moreover, the empirical and theoretical studies have contributed to great deal in determining the substance of innovation that plays a prominent role in the service activities in productive systems. In addition, these scholars also exhibit the piece if information that building or defining a definition of innovation on a general basis is fundamental and essential as it would create the perceptive and awareness of the concepts and dynamics of innovation in both sectors comprising service and manufacturing (Gallouj & Weinstein, pp. 537-538, 1997). The research has proved that the concept of innovation in services dates back to several centuries that have come under rematerializing few times. In fact, the arguments and discussions then focused around the alleged assimi lation, demarcation, and synthesis discussion. According to the assimilation standpoint, the service activities and manufacturing activities possess the similar functions on whole, and thus the theories and experimental or observed indicators are applicable to the services in the same way that have primarily and initially come under development for the manufacturing. According to some beliefs, it has also come under view that services in innovation are just the consequence of change that occurs due to dispersion of innovation (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 142-143, 2008). However, the demarcation perspective is the antipode or reversal of assimilation, which states that service-specific forms of innovation exist. Furthermore, the organizational importance has been the key point of prominence with product and process innovation in services. Indeed according to the scholars who believe in this view strongly argues that various forms of innovations are service specific, therefore, it is criti cal and crucial to have exclusively new theories of innovation that must be service specific in order to have a clear understanding of the nature and motion of innovation in services (Gallouj & Windrum, pp. 143-144, 2008). Lastly, the synthesis viewpoint â€Å"seeks to take the recent insights of demarcation writers and to integrate these within insights gained in manufacturing

Observation Of Child Behaviors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observation Of Child Behaviors - Essay Example Egocentrism was chosen as the relevant behavioral observation as it is a predominant characteristic of the preoperational stage of child development. Examining this aspect of youth behavior is important as children in the preoperational stage begin to learn important social lessons from peer reference groups that assist in healthy adult socialization. As the logic centers begin to form in the brain, children will establish the initial foundations of considering the perspectives and beliefs of others in their rationalization processes. During play, two children illustrated behaviors that supported egocentrism. One child, which the parent indicated was four years old, began to argue with another child in the sandbox about their methodology of play. The two children were burying action figures, using pretend play activities to essentially illustrate the perils of warfare. The child wanted the figures to remain buried, however, the other child continued to dig them up and pretend the figures could fly. The child chastised the other who unburied the figures, leading to a refusal to play together further. The main argument was that flying was wrong and that the action figure belonged in the sand in order to win the war. The child who demanded flight did not seem to care about the pressure being applied to keep the toy in the sand and told the chastising child that he was â€Å"stupid† and carried forward with his flight activities despite the protests and attempted lessons about the appropriate game play.

Whistle blowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whistle blowing - Essay Example Internal whistle blowing is whereby a whistleblower communicates any form of misconduct to their supervisor, who then applies the established procedures in the organization to address the misconduct. External whistle blowing is whereby a whistleblower communicates any form of misconduct to external parties like the media or law enforcement agencies (Lewis, 45). A whistleblower can report misconducts, illegal actions, or neglect of duties at work, including; In most cases, an employee cannot suffer a dismissal because of whistle blowing, since this is would amount to an unfair dismissal. In other words, the law will protect them if there was a fulfillment of certain standards. These standards are known as the qualifying disclosures. Normally, the individuals protected include agency workers, employees, individuals who are training with an employer and have not yet gotten employment, and supervised self-employed workers. An employee is only entitled to protection if they sincerely feel that whatever they are reporting is factual and they feel they are informing the right person. In addition, the whistleblower must also believe that their exposure is in the interest of the public. Employees are, however not protected from dismissal when they break the law while reporting misconduct. For instance, when an employee had earlier on signed the Official Secrets Act, or when the misconduct became discoverable in an event whereby another person was seeking legal advice. Moreover, those workers who are not employed.

Carl Jung’s Theory concerning Personality Types Essay Example for Free

Carl Jung’s Theory concerning Personality Types Essay This essay will give an introduction to Carl Jung and what started his research, the essay will discuss Carls Jung’s personality types and their characteristics and will also discuss the Myers Briggs type indicator. The essay will also discuss falsification of type as well as what Carl Jung believed to be the cure for falsification of type. Criticisms of personality type and MBTI will also be discussed and in conclusion this essay will discuss how we can use personality types and MBTI within our own work. Carl Jung The Beginning of Personality Theory Carl Gustav Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875. His first choice of study was archaeology but he went to study medicine at the University of Basil and while working for the neurologist Krafft Ebing he settled on psychiatry. After graduating he took a position at the Burghoeltzli Mental Hospital, he also taught classes at the university in Zurich, had a private practice and invented word association. In 1907 Carl Jung met Freud in Vienna where the two are meant to have spent thirteen hours talking their friendship started off strong with Jung championing many Freudian ideas but over time their friendship began to deteriorate. Jung felt that Freud focused too much on sexuality and that Freud’s concept of the unconscious was too limited and negative. The official break up happened when Jung resigned from the international psychoanalytic congress. Then in 1913 Carl Jung had a dream, he dreamt that there was a monstrous flood engulfing Europe and lapping at the mountains of Switz erland. He saw thousands of people drowning and civilization crumbling. In the following weeks he continued to have disturbing dreams in which he dreamt of eternal winters and rivers of blood. Carl Jung thought he was becoming psychotic but on the 1st August WWI began and Jung felt there had been a connection between himself and the rest of humanity, thus began Jung’s painful journey of self-exploration which formed the basis for his theory’s. Personality Theory Attitudes Functions Carl Jung determined that people act and react to stimulus and situations differently. He classified people into two different groups, depending on  how they behaved. Jung called these two different groups attitudes and classified people as either extraverts or introverts; Extraverts – People who are extraverts are better able to deal with external stimulus such as people and objects. They search for things outside themselves to help fulfil them Introverts – People who are introverts are better able to deal with internal stimulus and look inside themselves for fulfilment. In addition to the two attitudes Jung further classified people into four functions types Sensory and Intuitive which refers to our preferred way of collecting information and Thinking and feeling which refers to the way we make decisions. Sensory – People who are more sensory tend to like specific answers and deal in facts and figures Intuitive – People who are more intuitive tend to p refer to gather information through ideas and theories. Thinking – People who are thinkers tend to prefer to make decisions based on scientific fact and concrete truths. Feeling People who make decisions on their feelings, trust in their emotions and sensitivities. The four functions and two attitudes made up Carl Jung’s original personality types it was later expanded on and two more functions where added which deal with the way people live their lives these are judgers and perceivers ; Judges – Prefer to live in an orderly way and prefer structure and organisation. Perceivers – Prefer to live more spontaneously and are more adaptive. The theory was then used by Katharine Cook Brigg and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers who after studying Carl Jung’s work extensively turned the theory of psychological types to a practical use. They created the Myer Briggs indicator believing that knowledge of personality types would help woman during WWII who were entering the work place for the first time by identifying which jobs would be more comfortable and effective for them. MBTI focuses on a normal population and emphasizes the value of naturally occurring differences. The two attitudes and six functions types make up for sixteen different combinations which provides detailed characteristics and help us determine which of the types we belong to , each of us has a dominate function with the other three being less dominate. The combinations and some of the characteristics are as follows. ISTJ People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, serious and earn success by  thoroughness and dependability. They value traditions and loyalty. ISFJ People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly, responsible, and conscientious. They strive to create an orderly and harmonious environment at work and at home. INFJ People who fit in this category tend to seek meaning and connection in ideas, relationships, and material possessions. They want to understand what motivates people and are insightful about others. INTJ People who fit in this category tend to have original minds and great drive for implementing their ideas and achieving their goals. They can be sceptical and independent. ISTP People who fit in this category tend to be tolerant and flexible they are quiet observers until a problem appears, then act quickly to find workable solutions to the problems that may arise. ISFP People who fit in this category tend to be quiet, friendly and sensitive. They like to have their own space and to work within their own time frame. INFP People who fit in this category tend to be idealistic and are loyal to their values and to people who are important to them. INTP People who fit in this category tend to seek to develop logical explanations for everything that interests them. Theoretical and abstract, they are interested more in ideas than in social interaction. ESTP People who fit in this category tend to be flexible and tolerant; they take a pragmatic approach and are focused on immediate results. ESFP People who fit in this category tend to be outgoing, friendly, and accepting. They are lovers of life, people, and material comforts. ENFP People who fit in this category tend to be enthusiastic and imaginative. They are spontaneous and flexible and often rely on their ability to improvise and or their language skills. ENTP People who fit in this category tend to be quick, clever and outspoken. They are good at reading other people and can easily become bored by routine. ESTJ People who fit in this category tend to be practical and realistic. They act decisively and move quickly to implement decisions. ESFJ People who fit in this category tend to be warm hearted. They want harmony in their environment and work hard to establish and maintain it. ENFJ People who fit in this category tend to be warm, empathetic and responsible. They are highly attuned to the emotions and needs of others. ENTJ People who fit in this category tend to be blunt and decisive they assume leadership readily. They are usually well informed and well read. â€Å"Jung noted that it is not possible to use the attitudes of Extraversion and Introversion and the Judging and Perceiving functions independently of each other. People who prefer Extraversion will most likely focus their Perception and Judgment in the outer world while people preferring the Introverted attitude, when circumstances permit, will concentrate Perception and Judgment on ideas.† Falsification of Type In our lives we are not always able to work or live in a way that appeals to our strengths. This can happen for a variety of reasons either we are brought up in environments that are unsuitable to our personality types and we adapt to suit the situation or we may be financially unable to follow a career path that would be best suited to our personality type. A person may also be unaware of their strengths and may just have a feeling that they are not living the life they were meant to. Carl Jung believed that if we do not live or work in a way that best suites our personality type then we could develop a falsification of type. This occurs when we are forced to use our less predominate functions for long periods of time. Carl Jung believed that falsification of type could lead to many psychological problems. Carl Jung described Falsification of Type as â€Å"a violation of the natural disposition,† and explained that whenever Falsification of Type takes place a person first becomes anxious and irritable and then if the condition continues a person becomes neurotic. Jung strongly believed that if there was a reversal of type it could be very harmful to the physiological  well-being of a person and could often lead to an acute state of exhaustion. Research has been done which supports Jung’s theory and according to the research of Dr. Richard Haier of San Diego, when an individual is functioning from a style other than their natural lead style, the brain is forced to expend large amounts of energy trying to maintain the unnatural functions. The result is that the brain and brain-body system experience stress, chronic anxiety and exhaustion. Dr. Arlene Taylor worked with people suffering with PTSD and depression over an 11 year period and found that people living in a state of prolonged adaption appeared to display specific symptoms. There are eight commonly seen symptoms in people who appear to be suffering with a falsification of type theses are; 1) Fatigue Prolonged adaption can require the brain to work up to 100 times harder. 2) Hyper vigilance Prolonged adaption can create a state of hyper-vigilance as the brain goes on protective alertness. This is a safety mechanism and can show up in a variety of different ways 3) Immune System alteration Falsifying Type can be thought of as the individual living a lie at some level. Lying can suppress immune system 4) Memory impairment Cortisol, which is released under stress, can interfere with memory functions. 5) Altered brain chemistry Prolonged adaption can interfere with hypothalamus and pituitary functions, which can interfere with hormonal balance. 6) Diminished frontal lobe functions Prolonged adaption is a significant stressor, which can interfere with functions typically associated with the frontal lobes of the cerebrum. 7) Discouragement, fatigue and or depression Prolonged adaption can lead to the repeated triggering of the conserve/withdraw reaction to stress. This can be especially true for introverted people although it is commonly observed in extroverted types who have been conditioned to introversion. This is far more common than most people (even researchers) believe. Discouragement tends to increase as fatigue increases, which often contributes to the development of depression 8) Self-esteem problems .Any or all of the other symptoms can be contributed to diminished overall success in life, which directly affect self-esteem. Self-esteem issues can present as lack of confidence or lack of commitment to improving one’s outcomes Jung believed that the only way to cure falsification of type is to develop the functions and attitudes that people are naturally disposed towards. This is a long process where the sufferer will have to first identify their natural leanings and then work towards changing things within their lives so that their work, family and social lives’ are in balance with their natural strengths and attitudes. Criticisms of Personality Types MBTI One of the main criticisms of personality types and the resulting MBTI is that it because it deals with the mind which is abstract it cannot be scientifically proven and that some of the personality types could be made to fit anyone as the use of the language and terms can be ambiguous. The MBTI also relies on a person answering questions about themselves and people may not be completely honest when answering those questions either because they are unaware of how they would react within a situation or that their perception of themselves is distorted. The way in which the questions are asked is also not specific so people may not know if the question is referring to the way they would react at work or the way they would react at home with friends and family. The MBTI also fails the double blind test in which participants do a test but are given a test done by someone else and asked if it fits them. Most of the participants find a way to make the results fit. One of the other arguments is that while it can be very useful in self-understanding it can also be used either intentionally or unintentionally to pigeonhole people. People are complex and fitting everyone into just sixteen different categories can limit peoples understanding of each other and themselves. It also could be used as an excuse for bad or inefficient behaviour. Conclusion Personality Types and the MBTI is still widely used today, the MBTI is used in company’s both big and small to understand and motivate staff and as a tool for management training. Personality Types and MBTI are also still used by therapist’s to understand their clients, as well as giving the therapist an idea of which therapeutic tools are best suited for each individual client. It can be used either by allowing the client to do a MBTI test that the therapist has acquired from a reputable source (not just a downloaded from the internet) or the therapist can lead a client through a process which will enable the therapist to discern which characteristics the client may lean towards. It is worth saying that an inexperienced therapist may face problems in trying to discern a client’s personality leanings without using a test or formal questions as it takes training and experience to be able to read a client effectively. Despite its critics personality types can be used as one of the tools a therapist can utilise to assist them in the treatment of clients as long as the therapist is aware of the potential problems with using the personality type or a MBTI test , such as pigeonholing a client into a specific category or allowing the client to use their personality type as an excuse or a crutch. Using the theory in balance with other treatments and being aware of some of the problems that may arise from using the personality types or a MBTI test can allow the therapist to approach the treatment of a client in a well-rounded and balanced way that is both beneficial and productive. References http://mbtitoday.org/carl-jung-psychological-type/ Author publish date unknown MBTI type today http://www.cognitiveprocesses.com/ Linda V. Berens and Dario Nardi, Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html C. George Boeree Copyright 1997, 2006 http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types.asp Isabel Briggs Myers, Gifts Differing https://coremap.com/index.php/books-and-articles/38-personality/124-falsification-of-type.html Written by Sherry Buffington Monday, 14 May 2012 10:28 Jessica Phillips HUDDE2A 13 Jackie Bock Carl Jung Personality Types MBTI

Handlin vs. McNeill Essay Example for Free

Handlin vs. McNeill Essay Although events in history occurred over a long span of time and development, history first became an academic subject a little more than 100 years ago (McNeill 12). Since then, a plethora of controversies appeared regarding how historians, scholars, and intellectuals should examine and analyze history. Among the initial methods of studying history was the scientific research method, or scientific source criticism, which fundamentally extracts valid, legitimate facts from a diverse range of historical sources. Throughout time, however, the facts derived from this method of historical study gradually altered, leading to a new method of historical study: using facts and combining them with opinions and goals to constitute personal interpretations. As Oscar Handlin zealously asserts, historians and scholars should provide a strict examination of history based on a chronological study of known and verifiable facts as opposed to using verifiable facts as the basis for their own interpretation, influenced by their own group, experiences, beliefs, and personal motives. Through implementing a strict examination of history, historians can successfully detect and eradicate bias in their writings, allow the government as well as individuals to gain an insight into the past in order to secure and progress the future, and grasp the magnitude of truth. First, because strict examination of history based on a chronology and conclusive evidence can aid in discerning bias from genuine fact, historians should utilize the scientific method of research. Although Oscar Handlin admits that historians are never totally free of bias (7), he does claim that removing facts from interpretations eliminates bias, opinionated statements, and fiction from history, which is supposedly the chief goal and use of history (Handlin 5). On the contrary, when scholars employ William McNeills method of investigating history through interpretation, biased and one-sided analyses emerge, and, therefore, scholars may elasticize actual truth to suit their purpose. Historians who use interpretation to depict history are likely to select facts to show that we-whoever we may be-conform to our cherished principles (McNeill 16). Consequently, a fusion between fact and bias results, distorting the truth and leading to ignorance. Take, for instance, the example of Christopher Columbus. When examined through strict examination based on chronology and evidence,  historians determine truths including the fact that Columbuss voyages increased Europes rate of expedition to the Americas and the fact that Columbus contributed to the horrifying genocide of Native Americans. These derived facts provide insight into two perspectives of Columbus, and so, it diminishes the threats of bias. However, when explored through interpretations to suit purpose or please the audience, historians exaggerate Columbuss prominence by omitting the negative perspective mentioned above and using overarching descriptions, verifying the detriments of bias. Essentially, the scientific method of research assists historians in limiting the bias and opinion used in their writing to produce exact facts that do not serve to please the audience. In conclusion, when historians adhere to a specific study of history founded on chronology and corroborative facts, they can locate truth amidst clouds of speculation, myth, opinion, and bias, and they can use this truth to advance the human race. Rummaging through the treasure chest of historical sources and only selecting the jewels of absolute truth can facilitate the process of abolishing partiality and attaining objectivity and allow humans to use the past as a tool for enhancing the future. Handlin aggressively proclaims, Truth is absolute; it is as absolute as the world is real (5). If historians truly possess profound feelings and support for the success of humanity, it is crucial that they acknowledge Handlins statement. If McNeills views are adopted and excessively used, however, absolute truth and its advantageous properties may be lost forever, masked by interpretations involving a blend of fact, fiction, and ideology. By working in accordance and using the scientific method of research, humans can conquer subjective interpretations and win the war against faction-a combination of fact and fiction (Handlin 8).

DBS one of largest organisations in financial sector of Asia

DBS one of largest organisations in financial sector of Asia DBS was established in 1968 as the development bank of Singapore. Since then, DBS has transformed into a successful financial services institution, offering a comprehensive range of innovative products. In Singapore, the bank occupies market-dominant positions in consumer banking, treasury and markets, asset management, securities brokerage, equity and debt fund-raising. Going internationally, the bank has a regional network with more than 200 branches and over 1,000 ATMs across 50 cities. DBS primary operations are in Singapore and Hong Kong, two of Asias best regulated markets, which contributed 65% and 19% of net profit in 2008 respectively. The bank operates two brands in Singapore DBS and POSB. POSB is a well-loved mass market franchise that currently has a customer base of over 3.2 million Singaporeans. As one of the leading banks in Asia, DBS gains a massive global workforce of 14,000 staffs, representing over 30 nationalities. The bank announced S$6031 million of operating income in 2008. DBS philosophy is to empowering, educating and engaging our staff so as to build a high performance organization renowned for its good customer service and innovative business solutions. Because of a massive amplitude and complexity in operation as an international largest organization, and striving for an adequate-content report, it is ineffective to investigate whole aspects of DBS in the effort of implementing Knowledge Management. Instead, this report will specify in exploring the DBSs concept and its basic approaches to fundamentals of Knowledge Management. Key content will focus on identifying Knowledge Management process, building Knowledge Management System, Mechanism and Technology, ultimately Infrastructure. Challenges and benefits gained from implementation process are also mentioned in the report as well as recommendation and analysis. Throughout years of operation, DBS now understands the depth and significance of Knowledge Management. In its development journey, DBS learnt that this conception must be essentially seen as a vitally critical point, an innovative strategy towards a sustainability business model rather than a diverse and complex risk. That right and visional direction are now put primarily on one of the long-term goals of the organization. Moreover, DBS business is in banking and finance industry where multiplicity of information and knowledge is created and updated every hour, the need of Knowledge Management becomes critically essential than ever. To start with, DBS sees official meetings as an approaching mechanism for knowledge discovery. As the nature of the business, the need for valuable information which then converted to knowledge is critical for the bank. This knowledge is defined and explored by neither the interaction between people in the organization nor just simply synthesized from previous data. For instance, there is always a meeting in Sales Department which also has a presence of Branch Manager every Monday morning to revise previous works and orient sales activities for the week. More significantly, Board of Directors and Management committee also arrange official meetings 4 times every quarter to undertake a careful overview of decision making in various levels and aspects of the organization. Telephone conversation is also applied in the process of knowledge discovery. However it is stated that not preferable as DBS values face to face conversation where information can be transferred and conveyed in a full meaning of ways. To enhance Knowledge discovery, DBS also invested in technology. One exemplary approach is the development of DBS database. This is an organized collection of data for people within the organization However, accessibility in sensitive information may not be exposed to every employee. A very useful and beneficial application of DBSs database is its customer databases. In order to promote loans, risk management, and further observation, DBSs customer database is constructed to record contact, credit, and personal information such as salary, current financial situation. This database is well designed to specifically and easily create, store, search and retrieve contents which has a great impact in knowledge discovery process. DBS is also aware of the Knowledge Capture and Share process. Practically, the organization promote on the job training under DBS Management Associate Programme. This is an experience-based development offered to new employees. Along the route, they will acquire the most possibility and chances to decide their career path when experimental learning is gained across different type of roles. By doing this, DBS ensures that organizational knowledge is able to be conveyed and captured. Furthermore, to utilize the strength of technology in the process of knowledge capture and sharing, DBS invested warily in computer-based communication. Each employee in the organization practically has their own computer which is well connected to the rest of the company. Instant message, email, chatroom is promoted in a rigorous manner within the organization to enhance the creation of social network and information exchange. Significantly, the organization also has its own server where only people within the company can access. This server is well managed and developed for human interaction and database warehouse. In DBS, direction of knowledge is also well conveyed. Each employee knows warily the structure of the organization, specifically in their department. By that meaning, the relationship and relative ranks of parts and positions are well determined. Thus, employee would be guided by following the instruction or direction from the top wherever task uncertainty is encountered. Moreover, to promote routine process, DBS sets up organizational policies and work standards for safety, health in workplace. A more particular enhancement in Knowledge Application in regard of routine process is the implementation of Enterprise-wide Core Credit Risk Policy. This establishes the principles and policies followed by the entire organization to conduct banking and financial activities and operation under specified credit risk management. Significantly, Knowledge Infrastructure is insightfully aware and constructed by DBS from the early stage. Building up adequate and efficient database within the organization, keeping track with customer information and applying thoroughly technology into workplace are remarkable efforts and practices of DBS to utilize the strength of knowledge. Strong organizational culture is achieved in DBS where every employee is well perceived of the organization values. Orientation is made wherever a new employee joins the group to ensure they get awareness of DBSs pathway as a world class regional bank, renowned for quality, added value, and innovative service at affordable cost to customers and their ways of doing things. Following the orientation, specific goals and standards of behavior are also clearly stated to lead and guide organizational members to pursue appropriate actions. More remarkably, although promoting a well-built internal culture, DBS acquires good awareness of a phenomenon, Groupthink which is easily implied from strong culture. They understand this incident can result in a reduction of innovative capacity within the organization. In regard of this issue, DBS introduces guidelines, organizational campaign and building feedback centre in order to encourage its employees to strive for creativity and challenges. Organizational culture  is an idea in the field of  organizational studies  and  management  which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with  stakeholders  outside the organization.[1] This definition continues to explain  organizational values, also known as beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals members of an organization should pursue and ideas about the appropriate kinds or standards of behavior organisational members should use to achieve these goals. From organisational values develop organizational norms, guidelines, or expectations that prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior by employees in particular situations and control the behavior of organisational members towards one another.[1] Where culture is strong-people do things because they believe it is the right thing to do-there is a risk of another phenomenon,  Groupthink. this is a state where people, even if they have different ideas, do not challenge organizational thinking, and therefore there is a reduced capacity for innovative thoughts It is also growing its own talent.   We are now in the process of developing talent programme at the each level, much like Exxon Mobils or Citis talent programme. You have a rigorous focus, you find the right people, you give them development opportunities, and you give them training opportunities, said Gupta.   He said DBS is looking for people to staff what he calls a Policy Desk. They will draft policies in areas like decision-making and organisation structure.   Other new initiatives include a Customer Experience Council to improve service, and an Innovation Council to promote a standard way of thinking. CNA /ls http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBS_Bank http://www.dbs.com/dbsgroup/about/default.aspx http://www.sgx.com/wps/portal/marketplace/mp-en/listed_companies_info/corporate_info DBS management programme http://www.dbs.com/careers/graduates/Pages/default.aspx

Thomas Alva Edison :: essays research papers

Thomas Alva Edison 1847-1931   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Alva Edison is one of Americas most famous inventors. He invented the sound recording device, motion picture, and the light bulb. Thomas Edison was an amazing man who accomplished many historically important successes during his lifetime. Edison obtained 1,o93 United States Patents in telegraphy, phonography, electric lighting and photography. Some of the inventions that Edison Discovered were improvements of other inventions, some were things that he invented himself, some things with other peoples help and some he just stumbled onto. Edison was most proud of his invention of the phonography. Edison tried to invent things that everyone could use. Edison created the first invention factory to invent things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio in February 11, 1847 and died on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey. Edison was the seventh and last child of Samuel and Nancy Edison. His parents had no special background. His mother was a former school teacher and his father was a jack-of-all trades. He ran grocery stores to real estate to carpenting. Edison was a very curios child who asked lots of questions. His brother’s and sister’s were Marion, William, Calie, Harriet, Samuel, and Eliza.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of seven Edison’s family moved to Port Haron, Michigan. This is were Edison Began School. After 3 months of going to school Edison’s teacher consider him a dull student. Edison’s mom pulled him out of school and starting to teach him herself at home. His parents didn’t force him to learn things that he didn’t enjoy. They encouraged him to learn on his own. They were dedicated in teaching him. They wanted him to learn about things that interested him most. When he was nine years old his mom gave him a elementary science book. It explained how to chemistry experiments at home. Edison did every experiment in the book. Soon he loved chemistry and started spending all of his spare time and money buying and doing chemistry experiments. At the age of ten he had a science lab in his basement. His parents didn’t like this. He spent to much time doing this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edison was always out working to help support his family and for his experiments. Edison got his first job at the age of twelve as a train boy on the Grand Trunk Railway. Edison sold newspapers and candy to passengers. He also printed a newspaper every week called the Grand Trunk Herald.

Lao Yzu :: essays research papers

Lao Tzsu â€Å"Tao Te Ching† Discussion Questions 1. What is the most valuable way to live? Discuss the two examples of this idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most valuable way to live is to live passively. An example of this idea includes being able to ride roughshod over the hardest in the world means one can lasts longer in this competitive world by being passive. And only a few in the world means that not too many realize the way of life is to live passively. 2. Discuss the first three questions in this poem. What is â€Å"that’ in line 7?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first three questions in this poem asks the reader to reflect. That in line 7 can mean the word because. That can also represent the many complexities in life due to value. 3. What is contentment according to this poet? Of what value is this state of mind?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to this poet contentment comes but not holding grudge because it states that excessive meanness is sure to lead to great expense. It tells one to let go because being angry and having things bottled up can only hurt oneself. 4. â€Å"Highest good† or â€Å"the way† indicates a state of perfection in life. What does this poem recommend as a way to approach life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poem recommends one to approach life like water because water is an indispensable element that has no conflict in any positions. It is able to adapt and go in area and position that is ideal. 5. What is the author’s point about materialism and excesses? What is his recommendation to the reader about the way to live?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the author’s point about materialism and excesses is not to be greedy. There is no point to be greedy because one can loses as much as it makes and no one can use possess of its wealth after death. The key is to have just enough because wealth can create problem. His recommendation to life is do what you have to do. 6. What paradox is presented in this poem?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The paradox presented in tis poem is that a seemingly weak object water can be as strong as anything. The weak can overcomes the strong and the submissive can overcomes the hard. 7. Which personal qualities are valuable in rulers, according to the poet?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the poet valuable qualities in rulers should be the ability to admit and held responsible for the wrongs done in its empire.

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in Phoenix Essay

We Must Take Action to Improve the Air Quality in Phoenix "How You Can Clean the Filthy Air You Breathe in Phoenix"         Take a deep breath, Phoenicians.   How did it feel?   Most likely, it felt good. But did you know that you are breathing air that is unnecessarily polluted?  Ã‚   Did you know that by taking a few steps in the right direction, you could breathe worry-free?  Ã‚   While Phoenix and Maricopa County have done much in the past few years in controlling the air pollution, there needs to be more action in order to secure clean air in the long-term.   There are two things we can do: implement programs from another city with a pollution problem like ours, and take matters directly into our own hands by changing our lifestyle to positively affect the air quality.   Los Angeles is one such city that has had some success in controlling its air pollution, with plans that are different from the ones Phoenix is using.  Ã‚   Located in the Sunbelt, LA sees a lot of sunshine like Phoenix.   It, too, has had a large population growth like Phoenix and has had to respond to that accordingly.  Ã‚   Los Angeles has developed a few excellent plans to fight its air pollution, which I believe can also make a difference in Phoenix as well.   I propose that we integrate those plans from Los Angeles to enhance the battle of air pollution in Phoenix. For the second part of my plan, I propose that we all take individual action to make the air quality better for ourselves and everyone else, like driving less and not topping off the gas tank.  Ã‚   By encouraging local lawmakers to use the effective plans of Los Angeles and by actively taking strides in combating the battle of air pollution in our daily lives, the breaths we take can soon be of clean, ... ...anAir2000.   CleanAir2000.   Phoenix, AZ: US. 1998.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.cleanair2000.org Gulbinas, Vilija. â€Å"On the Road to Recovery: an Angelino’s Guide to  Ã‚  Ã‚   Smog†.   Los Angeles, CA: US.   1998.  Ã‚   www.ben2.ucla.edu/~vgulbina Arizona Clean & Beautiful.   â€Å"Arizona Clean & Beautiful†.   Phoenix, AZ: US.   1998.   aspin.asu.edu/acb/ Natural Resources Defense Council.   â€Å"Danger in the Air†.   Washington, DC: US. 1998.   www.nrdc.org/nrdc/find/aibresum.html Environment News.   â€Å"What’s Missing from the Clean Air Debate?†.   Washington, DC: US. 1998. www.heartland.org/environment/august/missing.htm City of Los Angeles Environmental Affairs Department.   â€Å"L.A. Made a Difference!† Los Angeles, CA: US. 1998.   www.cityofla.org/EAD/article3.htm Arizona Governor Jane Hull.   â€Å"Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.† Phoenix, AZ: US.   1998.   www.governor.state.az.us/dept/deq.html   

Essay on ”Race, Class, Violence and Denial: Mass Murder and the Pathologies of Privilege” by Tim Wise Essay

Often when racial inequality and discrimination is being discussed, we get to think of terms such as â€Å"white privilege† and American history with the Civil Rights Act in 1964. But we think of it, mainly as history. And that, according to Tim Wise, an anti-racism activist and American writer, is the biggest self-deception of the modern American world. Throughout an article posted on his own webpage, concerning school shootings, Tim Wise discusses the general American attitude towards this relatively new phenomenon in American society. With the use of especially pathos Wise argues that the most concerning thing about these events is how society is handling them afterwards. The problem is, according to Wise, that white people tell themselves ‘white lies’, and therefore never think that such actions could be taking place in their communities. He claims that there’s a reason why this happens in the outwardly ordinary societies. It’s because the people, trying to maintain at certain surface of innocence, refuse to see the signs of trouble, even when it’s going on before their very eyes. He wants us to take responsibility and stop excluding some parts of society from the â€Å"danger-zone† just because they look bucolic and normal on the outside and almost in the form of a provocative scolding he explains what damages these ‘white lies’ can do – not only to people of color, but to white people as well. Tim Wise wrote this article 3 days after the massacre at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut, where the 20-year-old Adam Lanza shot 20 pupils and 6 staff members. Without any further explanation Wise starts out his article, and from the very beginning he makes sure that the reader is attentive: â€Å"The senselessness alone would have been sufficient†(p.8 l. 7). We immediately sense the dramatic tone just as we also quite quickly understand the author’s profound personal concern about this issue. The title indicates what is to come; yet it is not very specific and it does not deal with school shootings as an issue at all. It gives us an idea of the author’s personal fight against racism which is also reflected in the article and probably all of his writing. Wise uses heavy vocabulary in the title and he continues to do so in the rest of the article. His ethos is strengthened by his use of language. The language is rather difficult, and the fact that he leaves out almost all explanatory references, â€Å"For the right, it’s the culture of poverty, or perhaps some specific aspect of â€Å"black culture†(†¦)(p.11.l138) shows that he expects his readers to have a certain amount of knowledge about politics and society. Even though the language contains many complex sentences and has many intellectual references, it still maintains a natural and easy-to-read flow. As mentioned before, he uses pathos a lot in his argumentation. When attempting to persuade the reader, he is mainly focusing his arguments on emotions. But he is no pleaser, though. He tries to speak to our guilty conscience, and it becomes clear which reaction he wants. â€Å"There is dysfunction and pathology and general awfulness where some of the beautiful people too reside? Yes precious, yes indeed.†(p.9 ll.47-48) His tone is extremely provocative and ironic, but we never doubt the seriousness of this matter to him. Actually this only indicates the importance of the subject and the author’s character appears very passionate. Maybe to the extent that he fails to remain objective – but then again, was that ever his purpose? His use of irony gives him more options too. It makes it easier for the reader to accept some of his quite exaggerated statements. The fact that the article is published on Wise’s own webpage called: www.timwise.org is quite crucial to the way it appears. The author has created the webpage for himself and the purpose of it is to be the platform for his views on different matters. The ones who visit his webpage and read his articles have this in mind from the beginning. Also they must be interested in him in some way or another. His main claim, that the school shootings is a result of the surroundings, works absolutely fine. When he refers to the general weapon availability in the United States, he backs up his ground with facts for the first time in his article, â€Å"(†¦)we should know by now that with 280 million guns in circulation, they can’t all be tucked into the waistbands of young black men who reside somewhere else(†¦)(s.9 ll.61-62) He is surprised that people act surprised. Also, he criticizes white people for thinking that the only ones who can’t control weapons are the poor and colored ones. He uses the topic â€Å"School shootings† to raise a debate about a still ongoing racial discrimination in the US. It seems intelligent of him to choose this topic, since the horror of it is something almost everyone more or less agree on, since it is something everyone wants to end. He claims that the only way to ever set a stop to this madness is for the communities to take responsibility. All these arguments connect in a fine way, but his use of rebuttal does almost not exist. If the article had been for at newspaper or anything else with more critical readers of more dissimilar opinions, he would need that to seem less subjective. Wise has a clear purpose with this article. And at most points, he succeeds in persuading the reader. He wants us to wake up. He wants society to wake up from its conscious sleep and take some responsibility. So, who are the enemies? And who can be the heroes? According to Tim Wise we as a society plays both of the parts.

Economic Concepts Involved Essay

The economic concepts involved in this song are basically the credit carts and the loans. Interest rates are also involved as well. Interest is charged by lenders as costs for the loss of the asset’s use. In the process of lending money, the lender could have invested the funds instead of lending them out. With lending a large asset, the lender may have been able to generate income from the asset should they have decided to use it themselves. People started to take loans for housing purposes in America at that time. They wanted to buy houses or to invest these loans or to buy bonds so that they could get more money on returns. Investments are negatively related to interest rates. So when interest rates increases, investment will be high. They could also buy bonds with these loans. If interest rates are high, value of money decreases and the bonds purchased by the people for future prospects will be of lesser value in present but when interest rates declines, bonds will be more profitable. THE FINANACIAL CRISIS IN AMERICA The financial system in USA was hit by many factors among which the main was the change in ability to create new lines of credit. This made to dry up the reserve cash of the financial institutions and hinged their credit and ability to make new loans. Also, it must be noted that cheap credit made people to buy more houses or investments. This created more money in the market causing inflation. The increased loan packaging, market and incentives had prompted borrowers to presume difficult mortgages in the belief they would be able to quickly refinance at more favorable terms. But due to a drop in housing prices and rise in interest rate, difficulty in refinancing started. The consequences of this trend led to a huge loss of banks. The credit dried up, the housing market declined; etc. The whole financial system was crushed. This song does not demonstrates the actual scenario of the USA crisis but it simply presents an outlook of a working man who is paying hard due to government’s system. References:- Cowboybleau, Single Review: â€Å"Shutting Detroit Down† by John Rich. February 11, 2009.Available at http://countrycentral.wordpress.com/2009/02/11/single-review-shuttin-detroit-down-by-john-rich/ Shakil-ur-Rahman,Mir.   â€Å"Overview of Economic Survey 2008-09†.The News[Karachi]. June 12, 2009.Available at http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=182548 Interest Rate at Investopedia. Available at http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/interestrate.asp

Chrysanthemums Literary Review – the Antagonist

Stephens 1 Jeff Stephens Kathleen Roddy ENGL 1102-208 7-20-2011 The Antagonist is Not Who You Would Think In â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, the character’s conflicts are very obscure. The main character, Elisa, is in constant conflict with herself, which she projects onto her husband and the tinker. Though Elisa appears to be dissatisfied with her life, she has no way to change it, and she becomes increasingly crass as the story progresses. Although she appears to be the victim, she is the story’s antagonist.Steinbeck describes different moods in relation to the fog and rain through the use of simile and metaphors. A specific use of this is when he writes about how the fog stretches across the roof of the valley, essentially closing it off like an iron kettle. He conveys, through the fog, that Elisa feels trapped and that only the rain can set her free, â€Å"fog and rain do not go together† (347). In his article, Gregory Palmerino takes note that the plowed fields represent Elisa’s fertile womanhood while the lack of rain would represent Henry’s sterile manhood.He points out that while Elisa’s character is well pronounced throughout; Henry’s character is â€Å"altogether absent† (165). Elisa’s feeling of being trapped and unattended is a predominant trait throughout the story. Henry seems to be a lot like myself, and I identify with him through his steering clear of confrontations by using compliments and jokes. Palmerino states that â€Å"The initial dialogue between Henry and Elisa sets the tone for subsequent encounters and reveals the couple’s fundamental problem: they do not know how to fight† (165).Steinbeck shows that Henry is avoiding getting into an argument with his wife when he says, â€Å"Well, it sure works with flowers† Stephens 2 after â€Å"her eyes sharpened† (348). Even though there is no way to know, I could feel a pause there- an uncomfortable silence- even if it was brief. Henry and Elisa seemed to know that continuing this particular conversation would lead to a fight, so she changed the subject. Immediately, it felt as if the mood had lightened and that they were on good terms again, but there was always something lingering behind their words.Elisa appears to be the instigator, by default, even though she also seems to want to avoid confrontation. During her interaction with the tinker, Elisa flirts with the man, trying to get his attentions. Palmerino points out that Elisa is trying to cause a confrontation by â€Å"sexually and inadequately prostrating herself in front of an implausible paramour† (166). The tinker is a poor man, he says so himself, and knows full well that he cannot get himself into the kind of situation that she intends.Elisa’s actions are impulsive and the sign of someone who is starved for the attentions of a lover. When Elisa practically throws herself at him, he immed iately switches back to his business manner and says, pitifully, â€Å"It’s nice, just like you say. Only when you don’t have no dinner, it aint† (Steinbeck 351). She immediately switched gears and offered him some work, but she knew that what she had done was wrong. She felt dirty, not just from the soil in her garden, but also from her actions. Unfortunately, Henry seems to be a fairly dense individual.While he can tell when a situation is going south, he doesn’t seem to be capable of understanding why the situation is worsening. Elisa constantly takes advantage of the fact that he is so thick-headed. She pokes and prods him at every turn, whether boasting about her planting skills or demanding to know what is meant by â€Å"nice† or â€Å"strong† (Steinbeck 352-353). Henry manages to worsen the situation by Stephens 3 joking about what he means, but Elisa breaks her composure at the idea that she would â€Å"break a calf over [her] knee, happy enough to eat it like a watermelon† (Steinbeck 353).Both Henry’s choice of words and his demeanor manage to make Elisa angry, because what she really wants is for him to tell her that she is beautiful. Henry, however, is embarrassed. When he gets embarrassed or feels like there is a fight coming, he resorts to humor. Elisa is already feeling apprehensive from everything that happened at the farm, but on their way into town, she sees the chrysanthemums that she gave to the tinker and notices that while he had no use for the flowers, he kept the pot.Palmerino writes that â€Å"Elisa cannot bring herself to acknowledge, much less confront, the reality of her situation; and instead of verbally or nonverbally expressing her outrage at the tinker’s insensitivity†¦she turns her back and avoids the overarching truth† (166). Palmerino is dead on in his description of her emotions at that moment. She is definitely outraged, but just like Henry, she is co nstantly avoiding confrontation. Her apprehension turns to sadness as she realizes that she is stuck in an unending loop of an unambiguous, non-committal, non-progressive, and non-confrontational (basically dead) relationship of a marriage.The development of the story leads me to believe that Henry tries to lighten the mood by joking around or complimenting her, but Elisa always seems to negate his efforts. Steinbeck describes a painfully awkward few moments in this story, where Elisa misinterprets the actions of others. In Japan, this kind of character is called a tsundere. (Tsun means to turn away in disgust and dere means to become lovey-dovey. ) Elisa is constantly acting like a tsundere when her husband compliments or pokes fun at her. She could confront Henry, but her non-committalStephens 4 attitude would result in nothing changing. She would probably just change the subject like she did at the beginning of the story. She, basically, is the root of the problem. Stephens 5 Wor ks Cited Palmerino, Gregory J. â€Å"Steinbeck's The Chrysanthemums. † Explicator 62. 3 (2004): 164-167. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 6 July 2011. Steinbeck, John. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 4th Compact Edition. Edgar V. Roberts, ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education. 2008: 347-353.

Cause of Prejudice Essay

There are many types of prejudice in modern society. The definition of prejudice according to Webster’s Dictionary is â€Å"an adverse opinion or leaning formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge.† The causes of some prejudice can be linked to a person’s childhood. The effects of being prejudice can be harmful to the person who is prejudice and to the people or group that person is prejudice of. The causes of racial prejudice stem mainly from childhood. One way childhood can cause a person to be more prejudice is where that person lived as a child. For example, if a child lives in southern United States, that person is more likely to be more prejudice against African-Americans because their culture in the South has been more prejudice towards that group because it has had a prejudice toward that group in general for many years due to slavery. This is not to say that all people in the South are prejudice but it does lean more prejudice against that group. Whereas, in the northern states, there is less prejudice in general towards African-Americans. Another way childhood can affect whether or not a person has a prejudice is their family and how they were raised. If a child see’s their family or parents using racial slurs or putting down a race for any reason, that child could grow up to be the same way and think it is acceptable to have a prejudice. The effect of that could be going in public or at school using derogatory comments towards a race and thinking that it is alright and hurting someone’s feelings. Living in a household with more open views to other races allows for a child to be more open, show less prejudice to others, and be more accepting and tolerant. A child could also pick up prejudice opinions through their friends. Their friends could be bullying another child due to his race and that child could join along to fit in. This also is a major problem in schools because that child that is bullied could resent his classmates and this can cause many more problems down the road. If a child can learn to not fall into the peer pressure of bullying others for being different then more children could  follow and there is the solution to bullying in schools. Children are very impressionable and the more we can teach them about tolerance and to be more open to others than the better off as a society we are. With less prejudice there wouldn’t be as much violence because much of the violence that happens has some sort of prejudice attached with it. Also, the more open we are then the fewer problems we will have because everyone will get along and focus on more important issues of the world.

Market Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Risk - Essay Example However, despite such innovation, risk management has not been able to prevent the distortions in markets as the use of sophisticated financial engineering methods have only contributed towards covering up the true nature and value of the economies. The traditional tools of risk management group the overall risks run by financial institutions into market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, legal risk, business risk as well as strategic risk. Based on above broader categories different methods have been devised which measure the respective risks which can then be effectively managed through prudent risk management policies. This paper will study the market risk and the developments which are taking place in market risk assessment methods due to changes in the economic conditions besides assessing their adequacy for current economic environment. Market risk is the risk that the changes in the prices and rates prevailing in the market can reduce the dollar value of any security or portfolio of assets. Generally speaking, market risk can be broken down into two components i.e. the risk of the overall market that the prices or rates will generally fall or rise and the second element involves the market risk which specific to that particular security or assets i.e. the changes in prices or rates taking place solely due to individual characteristics of that particular asset. (Crouhy et.al, 2006). Effectively, market risk is defined as the risk of incurring losses, which may be incurred from off and on-balance sheet items which arise due to changes in the prices in the market. Market risk is important for banks and other financial institutions because they hold different positions in financial instruments on their balance sheets. Carrying such financial instruments on balance sheet therefore put them under the risk of movements in the market prices. It is because of this unique nature of the market risk that the market risk is further split into sub categories of interest rate risk, equity position risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity position risk. It is however, important to note that all the sub-categories of market risk are not mutually exclusive as changes in one type of risk can potentially create or increase another risk. Steps involved in market risk management Before discussing the market risk assessment and different methods, it is critical that a comprehensive review of how the market risk is managed by the financial institutions. The management of market risk is a very systematic process and involves different steps which needed to be taken so that the risk can effectively be managed. These steps are: 1. Risk Identification: any good risk management system must first have the capability to identify the risks as accurately as possible. Identification of the risks therefore involves accurately what are the different types of risks which are faced by the bank or financial institutions. 2. The next step involves the measurement of risk i.e. the employment of different market risk measurement models which effectively capture and measure the risk with better degree of accuracy and predictability. 3. Based on the risk measurement parameters, banks and financial institu

Why the American Civil Rights Movement was more successful than Essay

Why the American Civil Rights Movement was more successful than movements for foreigners rights in Japan have been (at least so far) - Essay Example In the U.S, the major social movement was the African-American Civil Rights movement whose main goal was to bring an end to discrimination and racial segregation to the Africans living in the country. The movement heavily campaigned on civil resistance by arranging civil disobedience and non-violence protests, which would lead to crisis all over the country. Industrial boycott was the mostly used as it negatively affected the country’s economic activities as almost all Africans worked as factory workers all over the entire country. Their efforts were rewarded when the 1964 Civil Rights Act was passed (DAngelo, 2001). The Act banned any form of discrimination based on a person’s religion, color, sex, race and national origin in employment and public interaction. Another enactment that was pushed by the movement was the 1965 Voting Rights Act, which stated the voting rights of migrants to the U.S and protecting these rights. The foreigner rights movement in Japan fought f or the few migrants to the country who were subjects to discrimination, harsh treatment by the authorities and racial discrimination. The movement arranged protests and boycott but only a few people came out to fight for their rights. The movement did not have the numbers to push for an end of the oppression foreigners were going through. Another reason why the foreigner rights movements in Japan failed to be successful was the lack of major legislative processes that would lead to the enactment of Acts that would help fight for their rights. The political opportunity and framing theory of social movement clearly explains why the movement in the U.S became successful and contributed to the passage of major bills, which resulted to the end of migrant oppression in the country as compared to the foreigner movement in Japan (Tsuda, 2006). One of the key bases that led to the success of

Inside the Meltdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inside the Meltdown - Essay Example In this particular clip, on the meltdown that took place in the year 2008 in the United States of America, the theme economy has dominated the whole story. In this particular melt down, a lot of emphasis are made on the financial markets and the different economists who hold a number of high ranks are trying to react to this. Nearly all the departmental heads and the economists of this time, are advocating for the need to increase the oversight on financial markets. There is a liquidity threat and the economists are trying to analyze on how the availability of cash in the economy can lead to a solvency problem to some of the major financial institutions like banks. The whole story shows the high levels of risks that get evident as a result of funding long term liquid assets, which come along with liabilities that entails shorter durations of time. A lot of issues pertaining the levels of interest that need to get set on loans as well as the investments to get conducted arise in this meltdown. Responsibility as a theme has got the better part of this film. This is very evident by the number of state officials in the government dockets gets reacting towards this particular meltdown. A number of employees and other departmental heads from Bear Stearns Organization are reacting to this matter and everyone is trying to get more responsible by playing his or her part. No one wants to get pointed finger at as the one responsible for this particular economic depression, therefore ensures that his/her records are clean, and has undertaken all the duties expected of him/her. Another dominant theme in the story is media and information. In the clip, all the working places a number of televisions where the workers follow the news. Any of the latest information reaching the media gets anchored and spread to the public or citizens by use of the television media. This has made all

Analysis of Color Adjustment Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Analysis of Color Adjustment - Movie Review Example Albeit with little variations, they still depict past â€Å"bad† images. The producer also brings to light the continuing identity crisis that continues in American television. He is able to contrast the ideal blacks depicted in sitcoms and sagas with the angrier, harsher ones presented in the news (Riggs et. al. 0:12). In a rather informative and straightforward manner, Marlon draws opinions from producers and stars from notable shows in the history of black television. He occasionally pauses to observe James Baldwin’s literature. Every one of the shows he discusses comes out as a show of both pride and pain. Tim Reid and Diahann Carroll, who were the main actors in popular television series significant in Mr. Riggs’ argument, openly talk about their varied response to â€Å"Amos ‘n’ and Andy†, a television show in which the N.A.A.C.P did say: â€Å"every temperament is either a crook or a clown.†(Riggs et. al. 0:32) As the film progresses, Ms. Carroll opens up about her family being adamant concerning not watching â€Å"Amos ‘n’ Andy.† It is only later that she could see the offensiveness in the show to see its humor (Riggs et. al. 0:25). With the chronological procession of the movie, it depicts Beulah, a jolly black servant who is committed to the white family who employs her. â€Å"That was a maid from Hollywood,† (Riggs et. al. 0:29) Esther, who starred in â€Å"Good Times† quips. In this case, she is referring to the Louse Beavers who was popularly called the grinning actress. She is the one responsible for making Beulah be acceptable to the white viewers. Beulah is black. The film, which debuted at the Anthropology Movie Archives, devoted attention to Nat Cole’s variety show. It signaled the initial non-comedic episodes that that starred black actors, but which was called off due to lack of sponsorship for an entire season.  Ã‚  

Technology--the solution to prevent terrorism in the US food system Coursework

Technology--the solution to prevent terrorism in the US food system - Coursework Example Thermal Imaging is a non-contact, non-invasive kind of technique to detect food contaminations or modifications. It converts the invisible radiation emitted by a body or object into temperature data. This helps detect a specific kind of contamination in the food. Thermal Imaging can best be used for detecting foreign bodies and pathogenic objects in food material. This paper will also examine the recent technological advances in global food security that include Duponts BAX detection system and RiboPrinter system as these technologies can help in meeting the challenges posed by possible food terrorism in nation’s food delivery system. DuPonts RiboPrinter system is also not only user friendly but detect the biological contamination with accuracy because it analyses genetic information for identifying the specific strain. The paper concludes with recommendations based on current objectives to thwart risks posed by terrorists in food systems so that major losses and damages can be averted. In the world of globalization, food outsourcing and food movement is a common phenomenon depending upon its cost economics and supply abundance. However, at the same time, this raises the risk of food terrorism by introducing harmful pathogens or chemicals. Terrorist groups or individuals are inventing newer and newer ways and means, without limiting themselves to any specific geographical region, to achieve their ulterior motives. What happened on 9/11 was not anticipated by the US government and people in their dreams. Taking heed from the ominous incident of 9/11, it is prudent to assume that terrorists can go to any extent to spread terrorism by getting access to food supply and incorporating biological or chemical agents and jeopardize the existence of large populations. In the new millennia, food supply has been recognized as a major risk area of mass destruction – much bigger in proportion than what has

The Enron Scandal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Enron Scandal - Essay Example There have been several causes suggested by various experts and analysts that actually caused the failure of the company. Experts have indicated Enron as the biggest audit failure in the American history. The biggest energy company in the world rapidly collapsed which drew attention on its several economical and commercial aspects (Wilkinson, 2005). For the purpose, this paper shall analyze the case study of Enron scandal. Several management and strategic decisions and policies contributed to the major fall in the US corporate history. The paper shall further analyze the causes of the failure from economic perspectives. Background Enron was established in 1985, and it was one of the leading seven American energy companies. It was one of the world’s leading natural gas, electricity, and communication companies. The annual revenues of the company rose from $9 billion to more than $100 billion in just 5 years after 1995 (Salter, 2008). According to reports and published financial s, in 2000 the company’s stock price stood at $90; however, at the end of 2001, the stock price of Enron felt to less than $1. Furthermore, the last published financial statements of Enron depicted that the company made a loss of $586 million (Sterling, 2002). This caused the company to financially fail and by the end of December 2001, the company went bankrupt. As a result of this, billions of dollars were wiped out from the US capital markets and investors across the globe lost their trust in the US financial and corporate sectors, which were not efficient enough to build strong checks and balances on businesses like Enron. The case of Enron opened up investigations into several other unethical practices of other organizations, and the ripple effect shook up the entire US corporate sector. Supply and demand During 1990’s, the population of California raised by thirteen percent, whereas, the government did not make any enough investments in building power plants to co pe with the rising requirements of electricity. The government expanded the existing energy plants’ capacity by 30% during 1990-2001. Furthermore, in 1991 the drought in the northwest states caused the supply of hydroelectric from Pacific Northwest of Oregon and Washington to decline (Barreveld, 2002). Both drought and energy shortages created a supply gap in the country, and the government faced several issues to cope with the energy demand in the region (Swartz & Watkins, 2004). With the rapid increase in the population and the breakdown in California’s electricity generating capacity created a situation of less supply as compared to the energy demand. The industrial sector was highly affected as the supply of energy remained very low during the peak working hours. Furthermore, the private industries were using privately owned power generating plants as energy reserves of California were not sufficient to meet the demand. On the other hand, the state owned energy pla nts were deliberately shut down in order to manipulate energy prices (Swartz & Watkins, 2004). The gap between supply and demand of energy was deliberate in order to raise prices of the electricity generated by private generators (Miller & Fusaro, 2002). Enron secretly exercised with the government to create a gap between the energy produced and its requirement in the